Центральное звено старения кожи – дерма

 

The search for new methods of effective cosmetic correction of involutional altered tissues is a promising direction in modern dermatocosmetology. According to modern scientific concepts, the aging of the face and neck is part of the general biological processes occurring in the body, caused not only by genetically determined metabolic and cell life cycle disorders, but also by phenotypic environmental factors, including UV radiation.

For more information on what factors play a leading role in skin aging and how the condition of the dermis is associated with age-related manifestations, read on estet-portal.com

Stressful situations, tobacco smoking, as well as immune and endocrine factors play an important role in the skin aging process.

The decrease in the percentage of estrogen in the skin during menopause

leads to a slowdown in collagen formation, a decrease in the rate of keratinogenesis, as well as the synthesis of epidermal lipids. Follow us on

Instagram! The study of the morpho-functional parameters of involutional skin showed that

the main components of aging are

: - significant changes in the dermal-epidermal link (Langerhans cells, keratinocytes and melanocytes);

- violation of the moisture content and the structure of the collagen-elastin skeleton of the dermis;

- dysfunction of antioxidant systems associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and activation of free radicals as a result of lipid peroxidation, which negatively affects

cellular metabolism in general. Differences between physiological and photoaging of the skin

In recent years, it has been customary to distinguish between processes associated with naturally aging skin structures and involutional changes, which are based on the factor of chronic ultraviolet exposure to the epidermis - photoaging.

It has been proven that photoaging and natural skin aging, in a biochemical sense, are two independent processes.

Characteristic clinical, morphological and histological changes in various skin structures during natural aging and photoaging are described in numerous works of domestic and foreign authors. So, in the first case -
the epidermis of naturally aging skin is thinned, the epidermal ridges are smoothed due to a decrease in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes

.

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physiological aging of the skin,

nourishingthickthick tissue that lines the ducts of sebaceous and hair follicles maintains a constant thickness. In the basal layer, heterogeneity in keratinocyte size can be found, which determines the decrease in the number of cytoplasmic villi at the upper poles of the dermal papillae. It has been reliably established that there is a decrease in the number of melanocytes and Langerhans cells in the epidermis, which is the cause of mottled skin coloration in older people. Structural changes in the dermis as a marker of skin aging

The most noticeable changes associated with aging occur in the dermis, where its vascularization decreases and the number of vertical capillary loops and dermal venules decreases.

 

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In addition,

in the dermis, the number and distribution density of fibroblasts decreases, in which degradation of the synthesis of procollagen and tissue inhibitors of metaloproteinases

is observed. In the reticular and papillary layers of the dermis, a network of thin oxytalan fibers is formed, and characteristic cysts and lacunae are formed. The breakdown and content of elastin and proteoglycans in the tissues also increases. Follow our updates on

Facebook! The loss of collagen becomes significant, which is manifested by sagging and a decrease in skin turgor.

The gradual disintegration of elastin fibers also leads to flabbiness of the skin and the formation of wrinkles

. It is known that on the surface of keratinocytes there is a complex of hygroscopic molecules - the so-called natural moisturizing factor – NMF (Natural Moisturizing Factor).

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Normal natural moisturizing factor consists of

: - free amino acids - 40%;

- sodium pyroglutamate - 12%;

- urea - 7%;

- ammonia, creatinine and other organic compounds - 17%;

- metal ions, chlorides, phosphate - 24%.

Impaired cellular transformation of keratinocytes during the aging process leads to a weakening of corneocyte cohesion

and a decrease in NMF within 20-30% for every 10 years of life, which directly affects the appearance of the skin.

 

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A special place in the early formation of wrinkles during skin involution, the authors assign lipid peroxidation (LPO) in biological membranes. One of the effective methods of combating lipid peroxidation and the destruction of free-radical complexes

is the inclusion of biological extracellular antioxidants - tocopherol, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase

. into the system of intracellular antioxidant protection

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Anatomy and recommendations for filling the nasolacrimal trough with fillers A number of authors emphasize that the search for new drugs based on antioxidant complexes is a priority in modern aesthetic medicine.

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