Allergic dermatitis – an inflammatory skin lesion associated with exposure to an irritant, which is based on a delayed-type allergic reaction mediated by sensitized lymphocytes.
Allergic dermatoses - a large group of skin diseases, including:
- allergic contact dermatitis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- various forms of eczema;
- urticaria;
- allergic vasculitis;
- drug-related allergic rash;
- less common dermatoses, in the pathogenesis of which allergic reactions are the leading ones.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com latest research on prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis , age-related features of allergic dermatitis.
- The problem of allergic dermatitis in the structure of dermatological diseases
- Prevalence of Allergic Dermatitis
- Features of the development of allergic dermatitis in childrenth
The problem of allergic dermatitis in the structure of dermatological diseases
In the past few years, scientists from different countries in research work have paid much attention to allergic dermatitis, which is confirmed by a large number of multicenter studies and reports at international pediatric, allergological and dermatological congresses.
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The study of etiopathogenesis and clinical features of allergic dermatitis, as well as the reasonable choice of the optimal therapy is an extremely urgent problem of modern medicine, which is associated primarily with the prevalence pathology.
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Thus, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (USA) showed that 8,400,000 outpatient visits to dermatologists were associated with allergic dermatitis, which took second place in terms of frequency of dermatological diagnosisc.
Prevalence of allergic dermatitis
The incidence of allergic contact dermatitis exceeds that of simple contact dermatitis.
For example, in the Dermatology Clinic of the Student Health Center (USA), 3.1% of patients had manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis, and 2.3% of patients suffered from simple contact dermatitis.
In European countries, the incidence of allergic dermatitis ranges from 2.7 cases per 1000 population (Sweden) to 12 cases per 1000 population (Denmark).
This is primarily associated with the professional activity of a person: allergic contact dermatitis is among the ten most common occupational diseases.
Persistent forms of allergic contact dermatitis develop in older age groups, where contact allergy occurs in response to exposure to external medications and this form of the disease is more common in people over 70 years of age.
Also, in the development of allergic dermatitis, the living environment in an unfavorable ecological environment.
This is evidenced by the improvement in the condition of patients during the holidays, although in chronic allergic contact dermatitis, significant improvement may not occur at this timeb.
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Features of the development of allergic dermatitis in children
Despite the fact that most cases of allergic dermatitis are associated with a person's professional activities, this disease can also occur in children, incl. too young.
Studies by Goncalo et al. have proven the presence of age-related features of sensitization to contact allergens: a high percentage of positive application tests was observed in children under 5 years of age, then it gradually decreased in persons aged 6-10 years old, and from 11 years old there was a significant decrease in the number of positive test results.
At the same time, in children of the first months of life, allergic dermatitis manifests itself as a result of exposure to dyes, clothing composition and other factors, and may accompany the course of atopic dermatitis.
The relationship between the two diseases is not well understood, since allergic contact dermatitis is associated with a Th1-type immune response, and atopic dermatitis − with Th2-cytokine expression.
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However, according to scientific literature, contact sensitization is determined in 25-70% of children with atopic dermatitis. This phenomenon may be associated with disruption of the integrity of the skin barrier in atopic conditions.
The given data confirm the relevance of studying the etiopathogenesis and clinical featuresof allergic dermatitis, as one of the most common allergic dermatoses, as well as the importance of finding ways to improve diagnosis and treatment of disease .
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