The use of laser systems implies the manifestation of transient phenomena, which should be known to specialists in this field and provide complete information to patients in order to achieve maximum compliance.
Modern laser systems provide a wide range of options for correction of aesthetic imperfections.
Dermatologist Ursa Fratnik (Urša Fratnik Florijančič) from Slovenia shared information about the occurrence of the "frost effect" when using the Q-switched laser system and spoke in detail in the article estet-portal.com about the differentiated use of lasers for various vascular problems on the skin.
What is the "frost effect" when using laser systems
The so-called "freeze" effect is typical and associated only with Q-lasers. The Q-switched laser system uses extremely short pulses, in the pico- and nanosecond range. The effect they have on the skin, – it is not a thermal effect causing ablation or coagulation, but a photoacoustic and photomechanical effect.
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In other words, they create a kind of micro-explosion in the skin and we can observe this effect of gas bubbles in the skin, this is the so-called glaze effect, because the skin becomes white and raised, as if it was frozen.
What skin lesions can be treated with laser systems
We use Q-switched lasers when we are targeting very fine details such as: tattoo pigments, melanosomes in solar lentigo and melasma etc.
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Couperose or rosacea can also be treated with a laser. We use long wavelength lasers that are very well absorbed by hemoglobin. These are, for example, a laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm (Nd: YAG) and a 542 nm laser (KTP - krypton ion laser).
We only need to remember that with the 1064nm laser we can penetrate deeper and target deeper vessels that are usually larger. And with the 542 KTP laser, we can treat the very small superficial vessels that we see as redness in rosacea. When treating vessels, we use long pulses in the range of milliseconds and therefore cause coagulation.
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What is the "frosting" effect and when does it appear
The so called «frosting» effect is typicall and associated only with Q-switched lasers. Q-switched lasers means quality switched lasers and the pulses of this lasers are extremely short that is the range of pico- and nanoseconds. The effect they have on the skin is not heat deposition resulting in ablation or coagulation, but photoacoustic and photomechanical.
In other words: they're creating a sort of micro explosions in the skin and we can observe this effect of gass bubbles formation in the skin as so called frosting effect because the skin becomes whiteish and elevated as if it were kind of frozen.
What kind of skin lesions and characterisitcs can be treated with a laser
We use Q-switched lasers when we target very small particles like: tattoo pigments, melanosomes in solar lentigo and melasma, etc.
Cuperosis or rosacea can also be treated with a laser. We use lasers with wavelengths that are very well absorbed in hemoglobin. They are for example 1064 nm laser (Nd:YAG) and 542nm laser (KTP - krypton ion laser). We only have to know, that with 1064 nm laser we are able to penetrate deeper and to target deeper vessels, which are usually bigger.
And with 542 KTP laser we are able to treat the very fine superficial vessels, that we observe as defuse redness. When treating vessels we use longer pulse durations in range of milliseconds and therefore making coagulation.
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