Metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In 1980, M. Hanefeld and W. Leonhardt described for the first time a symptom complex of clinical manifestations called "X syndrome". Today, "syndrome X", i.e. metabolic syndrome, according to the statistics of the World Health Organization, happens in every fourth.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com what causes the development of metabolic syndrome and what proper nutrition is necessary for this metabolic disorder.
criteria and factors for the development of metabolic syndrome
The role of proper nutrition in metabolic syndrome
recommendations from an endocrinological perspective about proper nutrition
Criteria and factors for the development of metabolic syndrome
According to the recommendations, in routine clinical practice, the doctor diagnoses "Metabolic syndrome" if the patient has ≥3 of the following criteria:waist circumference> 88 cm in women or > 102 cm for men; BP> 130/85 mmHg Art.; fasting hyperglycemia> 6.1 mmol/l; blood triglyceride level> 1.7 mmol/l; HDL
in men and <1.3 mmol/l in women.Subscribe to our page on Facebook!
The leading factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance (IR) ─ a violation of the body's metabolic response to exogenous or endogenous insulin. Laboratory diagnostics of IR involves determining the level of insulin in the blood plasma, C-peptide and the HOMA index ─ fasting insulin level (μU / ml) × fasting glucose (mmol/l) ÷ 22.5. HOMA Index Index> 2.5 indicates IR.
The role of proper nutrition in metabolic syndrome
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A large number of studies confirm that nutrition has a direct impact on the development of metabolic syndrome and IR. For example, the simultaneous consumption of carbohydrates and fats leads to a deterioration in the course of MS due to the activation of gluconeogenesis processes, an increase in glucose and insulin levels.
Continuous stimulation of insulin secretion will inevitably lead to depletion of pancreatic B-cells in the future.
Fructose has a direct effect on obesity, as it promotes gluconeogenesis. Often patients are deceived by the usefulness of fruits and begin to consume them in large quantities instead of sweets. But according to the negative impact on the course of the metabolic syndrome,
it is often possible to equate fruits and sweets. Products containing carbohydrates have a high insulin (II) and glycemic index (GI) and directly affect the progression of the disease.
What kind of carbohydrates improve the metabolic syndrome? First of all, this is a combination of complex carbohydrates with fiber in one plate and a generally low amount of carbohydrates in the diet, especially fast ones. Berries, in particular blueberries, unlike fruits, improve the sensitivity of
At the same time, if the proportion of proteins in the diet is 20-30%, then there is an improvement in the course of the metabolic syndrome. But it is very important to control the quality of the food. For example,
light proteins (fish, eggs), vegetable proteins (chickpeas, lentils) improve the sensitivity of cells to insulin and help alleviate the course of the disease.
Regarding fats as an important component of the diet of patients with MS, numerous studies have shown:
consumption of saturated fats, regardless of the amount of poly- or monounsaturated fats in the diet, significantly worsens the course of the metabolic syndrome. Particular attention should be paid to the excess of omega;-6-fatty acids, the intake of saturated fats and the lack of unsaturated fats (<15%). Dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-9-fatty acids, combination target level of which should be at least 15%.
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It should be noted that the consumption of beverages directly affects IR. It is well known that the consumption of sugary carbonated drinks is associated with the risk of developing DM.Increasing the consumption of clean drinking water by 1 liter is very beneficial, as it reduces the energy value of the consumed products by 236.8 kcal.
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GI increases with the consumption of foods containing carbohydrates, while protein foods do not affect the fluctuations in the indicator.At the same time, AI allows a more thorough assessment of the impact of dietary structure on the metabolic syndrome, because not only carbohydrate, but also protein-rich foods stimulate insulin production by pancreatic B-cells. And this must be taken into account when compiling a daily diet for patients.
The combination of proteins and carbohydratesmay be called an "insulin bomb". AI increases by 127% when consumed together, especially for the classic combination of cheese and sugar. Low-fat dairy products, which many mistakenly think are healthy, result in greater insulin spikes than regular-fat dairy products.
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What foods are strictly prohibited for patients with metabolic syndrome? It is absolutely necessary to exclude sweets (sweets, ice cream, cakes), products made from white flour (bread, pastries, cereals with high GI and II (especially semolina), vegetables with high GI and II (potatoes are excluded, beets, pumpkin, carrots are limitedly recommended) .Fruit juices and sugary carbonated drinks are not recommended.More useful information on our
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