Acne is one of the most common reasons for visiting a dermatologist. Until that time, a deep study of the causes and mechanisms of their launch in the event of this pathology is still underway. Therefore, only a rational selection of therapy can ensure a successful outcome in acne treatment.
Read the article on estet-portal.com about the main drugs for topical acne treatment, their features, as well as possible adverse reactions.
- benzoyl peroxide in acne treatment
- topical retinoids for acne treatment
- topical antibiotics to treat acne
- systemic acne treatment drugs
Benzoyl peroxide in acne treatment
Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is an effective topical treatment, although according to a survey of acne patients, only 30% received it, because doctors preferred prescription drugs. This is due to the release of free oxygen radicals of benzoyl peroxide, which effectively reduce the concentration of C. acnes and prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance to therapy.
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A high concentration of the drug (10%) is associated with a high risk of irritation without significant bactericidal benefits. The combination of benzoyl peroxide with topical retinoids is more effective than either of the monotherapy types.
Topical retinoids for acne treatment
Retinoids for topical use have comedolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, normalize the desquamation of the infundibular part of the follicle . According to studies, they are underappointed by both primary care professionals and dermatologists. The most commonly used are tretinoin, adapalene and tazarotene.
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All retinoids slightly increase photosensitivity, but this effect is easily controlled by sunscreen.
According to the results of clinical trials, various tretinoin preparations reduce the number of comedones and inflammatory lesions. The use of gel monotherapy containing 0.025% tretinoin resulted in a reduction in the number of lesions by approximately 40%. A follicular biopsy showed that 0.1% tretinoin cream reduced the number of comedones by 50% after 6 weeks.
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Standard preparations of tretinoin are unstable to light, they cannot be used simultaneously with benzoyl peroxide. Adapalene is stable to light and can be used with BP. In moderate to severe manifestations, a gel containing 0.3% adapalene and 2.5% BP reduced initial acne lesions by 68%.
Comparative studies have shown that a gel containing 0.1% adapalene is as effective as a gel containing 0.025% tretinoin, but has a better safety profile. A randomized comparison of gels containing adapalene 0.1 and 0.3% showed a greater high concentration efficiency.
Topical antibiotics for acne treatment
Dapsone gel is effective in inflammatory acne. It has a favorable safety profile and is often used in patients with sensitive skin . A few cases of hemolysis have been described, especially when used simultaneously with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as well as a case of methemoglobinemia due to accidental use of dapsone in an infant.
Acelain acid is a dicarboxylic acid that inhibits the growth of C. acnes and prevents keratinization disorders. Used for its ability to reduce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Can also be used for mild comedonal manifestations and inflammatory acne.
Systemic drugs for the treatment of acne
Isotretinoin is highly effective for the treatment of nodular cystic acne, is used as a second-line agent for moderate and severe manifestations resistant to other types of drugs. Specific mechanism of action: it reduces the secretion of sebum, the concentration of C. acnes and the degree of inflammation, has a pronounced comedolytic effect.
Post-acne treatment based on practical cases
This is a powerful teratogen, therefore, when prescribing to women of childbearing age, various pregnancy prevention programs are used throughout the world . The drug can be prescribed only by registered providers, and each patient, regardless of gender, must be registered with written informed consent. Patients of childbearing age should receive two specific forms of contraception and have a monthly pregnancy test.
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