Benign tumors can form in almost any organ. Such growths can also form in the nasal cavity - chondroma, ganglioneuroma, papilloma, angioma, myxoma, lipoma, osteoma, chordoma and bleeding polyp. Benign neoplasms in the nasal cavity occur in patients of any age and gender.
Causes of benign lesions in the nasal cavity
Congenital benign formations that are detected in children after birth appear due to the adverse effects of teratogenic factors on a pregnant woman in the first trimester of pregnancy. In adults, benign formations appear against the background of a long-term effect of such unfavorable factors as often recurrent infectious diseases (sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis) or diseases of allergic genesis (hay fever, allergic rhinitis). Smoke, high dust content in the air in the working room, as well as the presence of irritating substances in the air adversely affect the structure and function of the epithelium of the nasal passages when inhaled.
Symptoms of tumor growth in the nasal cavity
At the beginning of the growth of benign tumors, this is not accompanied by any symptoms. Neoplasms appear when their size reaches such a size that they interfere with the normal passage of air. The main symptom with which patients turn to an otolaryngologist is difficulty in nasal breathing. Also, patients complain of a decrease or absence of smell, a sensation of a foreign body in the nasal cavity, which was not there before.
Nosebleeds often occur, because the tumor injures the walls of blood vessels. Particularly intense nosebleeds in the vascular nature of the tumor. Accession of a secondary infection occurs against the background of impaired ventilation in the nasal cavity. In such cases, patients, in addition to difficulty in nasal breathing, also complain of mucopurulent discharge and headache in the area of the inflamed sinus.
Tumor of the nasal cavity may have an infiltrative type of growth. Such tumors grow into adjacent organs – pharynx, orbit of the eye, sinuses, brain. When growing into the pharynx, this is manifested by a sensation of the presence of a foreign body in & nbsp; pharynx - respiratory failure and dysphagia.
Tumor growth into the orbit is characterized by limited mobility of the eyeball, exophthalmos, diplopia, narrowing of the visual fields and decreased visual acuity. If the tumor invades the brain, it can cause persistent headaches and unilateral symptoms such as flattening of the nasolabial fold. Osteomas grow into bone structures, destroying them. As a result, a deviated nasal septum is often observed.
Diagnosis of benign lesions in the nasal cavity
Benign nasal cavity lesions are detected during rhinoscopy. The doctor determines the type of tumor and the need for surgical treatment by appearance and size. The specialist also conducts differential diagnosis with a foreign body and scleroma. If a large neoplasm is found, an oncologist's consultation and an endoscopic biopsy are needed. In order to identify possible tumor invasion into neighboring tissues, skull X-ray, CT, MRI, pharyngoscopy and consultation with an ophthalmologist and neuropathologist are performed.
Benign formations in the nasal cavity are removed surgically as soon as they are identified, as there is a risk of malignancy and complications due to impaired ventilation of the sinuses and nasal breathing.
Methods of treatment of tumor growths in the nasal cavity
The method of surgical removal depends on the type, size and nature of the growth of the tumor in the nasal cavity. For small tumors, an endoscopic method is used under local anesthesia using an electrocoagulation loop. The bleeding polyp is excised along with the bone tissue at the site of its attachment. In order to prevent recurrence, the attachment site is treated by cryotherapy or electrocoagulation. Larger tumors are excised with a scalpel, laser or radio wave knife. Vascular neoplasms of the nasal cavity are removed with a laser.
In most cases, neoplasms in the nasal cavity have a non-invasive slow growth, are not prone to malignancy. These are favorable signs for the complete recovery of the patient after the detection of a tumor in the nasal cavity.
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