Cervical Dysplasia – a condition characterized by the presence of atypical cells in the epithelium of the cervix. In most cases, dysplasia does not have any symptoms and is discovered incidentally during a regular gynecological examination.
For many people, the concept of "dysplasia" is associated with a precancerous condition requiring immediate treatment. But is it always expedient?
Exclusively for estet-portal.com doctor of the highest category, obstetrician-gynecologist, leading expert on gynecology in the TV projects "For the Life", "I Shame My Body", "Let's Talk About Sex" Lyudmila Shupenyuk answered the most pressing questions.
What are the main causes of cervical dysplasia
To date, it has been proven that 99% of cases of cervical dysplasia are the result of human papillomavirus infection.
However, not every woman infected with papillomavirus has dysplasia.
PCR is the most accurate method for identifying the human papillomavirus. Cytological examination of the smear gives only a general idea of the change in cell morphology, but does not indicate any etiology of these changes.
In order for a virus to get into the body, catch on there and “do its dark work”, there must be appropriate circumstances. As a rule, under "circumstances" this means the presence of any pathological or conditionally pathological flora: chlamydia, mycoplasmas, gardnerel, ureaplasmas, etc. They may contribute to active papillomavirus replication.
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Factors predisposing to the development of cervical dysplasia should also include hormonal disorders leading to immunosuppression, as well as the development of an unfavorable condition of the cervical mucosa.
We should separately highlight such a factor as smoking.
Smoking increases the risk of developing cervical cancer against the background of dysplasia by 5 times – this must be remembered.
Another factor that can contribute to the development of cervical dysplasia is poor nutrition, leading to either overweight or underweight.
That is, all those factors that affect immunity can contribute to the fact that infection with papillomavirus will end in the development of dysplasia.
Of course, an early onset of sexual activity is also a significant risk factor. This may be accompanied by frequent changes in sexual partners and promiscuity, thereby increasing the risk of infection and active replication of the infection.
Treatment and prevention of human papillomavirus infection: international guidelines
Is there evidence-based treatment for papillomavirus infection
Your question is a little bit tricky, since there really is no treatment for papillomavirus infection that has evidence-based effectiveness.
Another thing is that with the beginning of a sexual life, the risk of contracting other sexually transmitted infections also increases: chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, and so on.
Papillomavirus infection can be a pathology that creates a favorable background for contamination by other pathogens.
In cases where specific infectious agents are found in a patient, the doctor should prescribe appropriate etiotropic therapy.
If the patient also has papillomavirus infection – then it is advisable to prescribe drugs with immunomodulatory properties. They are aimed primarily at improving immunity and, as a result, the elimination of papillomavirus infection.
There are types of papillomavirus that are difficult to treat. They are called high risk. Here in the first place is 16 and 18 type.
But if women believe that by purchasing expensive drugs, they can be guaranteed to get rid of the virus – it's a utopia. They can work if they help to "raise immunity"; and, thus, will only contribute to the expulsion of the virus from the body by the immune system's own forces.
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Mild cervical dysplasia: is it necessary to carry out surgical treatment
Here, the woman's age and the presence of concomitant pathology are of key importance.
In 80% of cases, papillomavirus infection has a transient course: after the initial infection, the body independently eliminates the virus for 1-3 years, using its own immune mechanisms.
That is, detection of papillomavirus infection in a young woman in most cases indicates only its transient course. At the same time, papillomavirus infection can cause changes characteristic of mild dysplasia.
And since the infection tends to self-heal, then there is no need for any treatment for dysplasia, if there is no other concomitant pathology, there is no – the patient requires only the observation of a doctor.
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It's another matter when a woman is over 30 years old and has dysplasia – this means that the body's immune system has not coped with the elimination of the virus. In such cases, it is necessary to start active treatment even with mild dysplasia, since there is a high risk of malignancy.
Thus, in the choice of tactics for the treatment of mild dysplasia, the age of the patient and the presence of concomitant pathology are of key importance – this must be taken into account.
Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Experts" section.
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