Among all rheumatological diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the most severe. Its prevalence averages 150 cases per 100 thousand of the population. Most often, systemic lupus erythematosus debuts at the age of 15-25 years, while in women it occurs 15 times more often than in men.
It is well known that the manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in the form of a multisystem target organ damage is based on a violation of tolerance to self-antigens of cell nuclei, cytoplasm and membranes, which leads to the formation of antinuclear antibodies characteristic of this disease.
Despite the fact that the pathogenesis of this pathological condition is not fully known, many pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of systemic lupus erythematosus are well understood. Read more about them on estet-portal.com in this article.
Impaired T-, B-cell mechanisms of immune response regulation occur in systemic lupus erythematosus
In the pathogenesis of the development of systemic lupus erythematosus, a central place belongs to the dysregulation of the immunological response. Defects in the functioning of lymphocytes are of great importance. Typical for systemic lupus erythematosus violations of T-, B-cell regulatory mechanisms include:
- T-cell defects: inhibition of CD8+-suppressor regulation of the immunological response is one of the main causes of impaired tolerance to autoantigens and abnormal production of autoantibodies by plasma cells;
- B-cell defects: a pathological increase in the absolute number and functional activity of B-lymphocytes is due to the following mechanisms:
- pathological perception of regulatory cytokines by B-lymphocytes: an increase in their sensitivity to stimulating signals against the background of inhibition of the ability of T-helpers to suppress B-lymphocytes;
- defects in B-cell receptors, leading to recognition of autoantibodies.
Impairments in the above components of the immune system lead to the development of this autoimmune disease.
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Causes of autoimmune aggression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Pathophysiological mechanisms of development of autoimmune aggression in systemic lupus erythematosus are not fully understood today, and represent one of the most important issues of modern rheumatology. Possible causes of autoreactive antibodies are:
- Violation of the selection of maturing T-lymphocytes, which leads to the exit from the thymus – the central organ of the immune system, where the differentiation of T-lymphocytes - autoaggressive cells into the general bloodstream occurs;
- B-lymphocyte hyperactivation in response to stimulatory cytokines and T-helper signals;
- Decrease in the production of tolerogenic cell proteins.
These pathological processes are the main, but far from the only, causes of the violation of the tolerance of the human body's immune system to its own antigens, and this issue continues to be the goal of many scientific studies due to its relevance to modern rheumatology.
Why physicians need to navigate the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Despite the fact that the pathogenesis of the development of systemic lupus erythematosus has not been fully studied, doctors of all medical specialties should understand the main aspects of the development of this disease due to the relevance of this pathological condition in our time.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by damage to all organs and systems of the human body, which is the cause of various manifestations at the stage of manifestation of the disease.
Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of systemic lupus erythematosus is a necessary condition for the competent appointment of an effective treatment regimen for this pathology. Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles on the site in the "Dermatology" section.
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