Alopecia areata (OA) − chronic dermatosis, which is characterized by pathological non-scarring hair loss as a result of exposure to the hair follicle of various factors.
This is manifested by the formation of lesions with absence of hair on the scalp, in the area of the beard, eyebrows, eyelashes and torso.
Read the article on estet-portal.com what causes are identified in the development of alopecia areata, as well as a practical case of combined treatment of a disease.
- Prevalence and causes of alopecia areata
- The role of the immune system in the development of alopecia areata
- Clinical investigation of the causes of alopecia areata
- Alopecia areata treatment regimen and outcomes
Prevalence and causes of alopecia areata
Alopecia areata − a common hair disease in both children and adults. Among patients who first applied to a doctor−dermatologist with dermatosis alopecia areata occurs in 2 to 5% of cases, the incidence of the disease in the population is 0.2%.
Today, there are between 2.2 and 4.5 million people who suffer from alopecia areata.
Recent data indicate an increase in the incidence of alopecia areata, with a trend towards an increase in the incidence of torpid forms of the disease, resistant to therapy.
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In pathogenesis of alopecia areata the role of the following disorders has been established:
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When it's scary to look at a comb: the main causes of hair loss
The role of the immune system in the development of alopecia areata
A special role in the development of alopecia areata belongs to immune disorders.
The involvement of the immune system in the development of alopecia areata confirms:
- transformation of the immune response in patients with various forms of alopecia;
- active migration of cytotoxic lymphocytes to the lesion site;
- development of perivascular and perifollicular infiltration;
- IgE deposits in the papillary dermis.
It is believed that alopecia areata can be considered as a tissue-specific autoimmune disease mediated by autoactivated T-lymphocytes.
An important role in the development of alopecia is played by functional activity of lymphocytes, which form an infiltrate around the hair follicle.
At the same time, a high level of IL - 1, IL – 10; low - FNS - α, IF N - γ.
Hair loss in alopecia areata − the result of both the effect on the hair follicles of activated T - lymphocytes, and the indirect influence of various cytokines.
Clinical study of the causes of alopecia areata
As a result of a study of the causes of alopecia areata, 10 patients aged 20 to 48 years were examined and treated.
A connection between the occurrence of alopecia areata and acute or chronic psycho-emotional stress − in 3 patients with acute viral or bacterial infections − in 5 patients, in 2 − cause unknown.
All patients with alopecia areata had clinical manifestations of progressive and stationary stages, which were characterized by the presence of single or numerous isolated, round-shaped bald patches on the head.
The area of hair loss on the head was up to 25%, the duration of the disease − 2 ? 4 months.
The role of topical drugs in the treatment of alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia
Concomitant dystrophic lesions of nail plates were found in 7 patients with alopecia areata.
The patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination: blood for RW, toxoplasmosis; consultations of a surgeon, dentist, ENT, neuropathologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist.
In 6 patients, concomitant pathology of digestive organs (gastritis, duodenitisitis, colitis) was diagnosed.
Alopecia areata treatment regimen and results
After the final diagnosis was established, complex treatment was prescribed, which included the following drugs:
- Deacura (biotin) - 1 tab. 1 r / d for 1 month;
- Askotsin - 1 tab. 1 r / d for 1.5 months;
- Calcemin - 1 tab. 2 r / d for 1 month;
- Epadol - 1 caps. 2 r / d for 6 weeks.
Locally - ointment Protopic (tacrolimus) 0.1% according to the scheme 1 month 1 time per day in the afternoon, from 2 to 6 months - 2 times a week.
Alopecia areata: fractional laser therapy and topical corticosteroids
After the complex treatment, after 4-6 months, significant improvement was noted: dense overgrowth of more than 50% of the area of areas without hair and foci of baldness with a large amount of vellus, pigmented and depigmented hair, new foci no baldness was observed.
The area of loose hair and dystrophic changes in the nails after the course of treatment are absent. There were no recurrences of the process.
The proposed complex method for the treatment of patients with alopecia areata can be prescribed to patients both in inpatient and outpatient settings.
Besides efficiency, the advantages of the proposed method are the absence of intolerance and complications.
Mechanism of activation of hair follicle stem cells in case of damage
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