Cleft Palate – The most common congenital anomaly of the facial region, which occurs on average in 2% of all newborns. This pathology is not only a serious aesthetic defect, but also leads to the development of various dental and otolaryngological complications in the future.
For more information about the factors predisposing to the formation of cleft lip and palate, as well as modern approaches to the treatment of these facial anomalies, read on estet-portal.com in this article.
Cleft lip and palate: causes and predisposing factors
In most cases, the causes of anomalies remain unknown. There is a hereditary predisposition to cleft lip and palate. Smoking and alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy are factors predisposing to the intrauterine formation of these developmental anomalies in the fetus.
About 15-40% of newborns with cleft palate and lip also have other congenital structural anomalies, most commonly of the extremities and heart.
The splitting of the lip and palate in the fetus occurs in the first two months of its intrauterine development, when the formation of the maxillofacial organs occurs.
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Cleft palate, lips and alveoli: groups of congenital anomalies
It is well known that cleft lip and palate can occur simultaneously, in isolation, and also in combination with cleft alveolar ridge.
The following three groups of data of facial anomalies should be distinguished:
1. Splitting of the lip and alveoli: make up about 15% of all pathologies in this group, can be unilateral or bilateral, extend to only one lip or to the alveolar ridge;
2. Cleft lip and palate: account for about 25% of all pathologies in this group. The defect extends from one or both sides of the midline of the face through the lips and alveolar ridge to the hard and soft palate;
3. Cleft palate accounts for about 60% of all pathologies in this group. The defect is localized along the midline of the palate, it can spread both to the soft and to the hard and soft palate.
Thus, isolated cleft palate, also known as cleft palate, is most common in the population.
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Cleft lip and palate: modern correction of congenital anomalies
Most cases of cleft lip and palate are diagnosed in the maternity hospital, but sometimes it can be done with a fetal ultrasound while the mother is still pregnant.
Treatment of cleft lip and palate requires a team therapeutic approach by plastic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists.
Primary surgical repair of cleft lip occurs on average around 4 months of age, cleft palate – 9 months of the first year of a child's life, respectively. It includes cheiloplasty and uranostaphyloplasty.
The aims of operations are to eliminate congenital defects of the lips and palate, restore integrity and move the muscles to an anatomically correct position, and create a sufficient depth of the vestibule of the mouth. Bone defects of the alveolar ridge are corrected at the age of 9-11 years with the help of alveoloplasty.
Cleft lip - Cause, symptoms and treatment of cleft lip
Children with cleft palate often have hearing loss. This is due to the abnormal location and functioning of their Eustachian tubes. Due to poor ventilation of the middle ear, local hyperproduction of mucous secretion occurs, which does not lead to the development of inflammation, but contributes to hearing loss. This condition is corrected with tympanostomy tubes.
Furthermore, with congenital cleft lips and palate, speech tends to have a nasal quality and may be somewhat slurred. In such cases, dysarthria often disappears on its own with age, but in some cases speech therapy is necessary.
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