Achievements in regenerative medicine today are of great interest for application in all fundamental and clinical medical areas.
Perspective of using stem cells – undifferentiated cells of the human body – gave humanity hope for victory over the most serious diseases, including hereditary ones.
Exclusively for estet-portal.com Head of Regenerative Medicine at a public biotechnology company Institute of Human Stem Cells, biophysicist, candidate of biological sciences Vadim Zorin spoke about the most relevant discoveries and latest achievements in the field of cell technologies and regenerative medicine.
Tell us about the latest innovations in cell technology
B. Z.: I am very glad that today many doctors working in aesthetic medicine are interested in innovations in the field of cellular technologies. And, indeed, there is something to be interested in.
Reprogramming mature body cells back into pluripotent cells is of great interest today.
For example, skin fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells, the so-called iPS cells. They are interesting because in the future, with the help of specific differentiation factors, it is possible to promote the differentiation of these cells into various mature cells of the human body and use them for the regeneration of damaged tissues/organs.
Olga Maslova: It is important to understand how the regenerative mechanisms of newborns work
Tell us about the latest significant advances in genetic engineering
B. Z.: In genetic engineering, as well as in the field of cellular technologies, revolutionary discoveries are also taking place today. In particular, the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which, by the way, is "developed" by bacteria, which use it to protect against viruses, is of great importance. CRISPR/Cas9 system – they are a kind of "genetic scissors" necessary for editing the genome. Using such "genetic scissors", we can "cut" defective gene and replace it with a normal one.
The CRISPR/Cas9 system opens up tremendous opportunities for the treatment, primarily of monogenic hereditary diseases. In the future, it will be possible to edit the genome at the zygote level.
Regenerative technologies in modern aesthetic medicine
BIG DATA and neural networks DEEP LEARNING – what is it and what are they for
B. Z.: Huge amounts of information BIG DATA ("big data") is collected and stored in digitized form, the growth of this data is exponential. This makes it possible, using special calculation systems, to obtain reliable statistical data when studying a particular phenomenon.
So, for example, Big Data and machine data processing made it possible to conclude that any alcohol consumption carries a potential danger. In the past, it was thought that drinking in small doses could even be beneficial to health, and this misconception was due to the use of imperfect mathematical models.
One of the "advanced" computational systems related to neural networks is Deep learning ("deep learning") – a type of computer (machine) learning that creates complex and self-learning programs.
With Deep learning, the system itself copes with both the most complex calculations and subsequent conclusions. Spheres of application of this technology the diversified – from image processing and speech recognition, to pharmaceuticals and more. Deep learning is one of the most innovative areas of machine learning today.
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How do you feel about using fetal stem cells
B. Z.: First of all, you need to understand what fetal cells are and what they are for in general.
In the classical sense, fetal cells – these are liver cells from 6-8 week old abortive embryos.
Why the liver? In an adult, the main source of hematopoiesis is the bone marrow. It contains up to 1.5% hematopoietic stem cells (cells that give rise to all hematopoietic cells). At the same time, the fetal liver may contain up to 22% of such cells at certain gestational ages.
Theoretically, if fetal cells are isolated from the liver and injected parenterally into an adult, they cause a cytokine storm, thereby activating all the regulatory systems of the body. It is believed that the introduction of fetal cells can improve the functionality of a weakened organism.
However, fetal therapy (due to ethical issues) is banned almost everywhere in the world, with the exception of the "gray market" some countries.
And only in England did a biotech company receive approval from the relevant regulatory authorities in that country to conduct clinical trials on the use of fetal cells for the treatment of serious neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Experts" section. You may also be interested in: Regenerative Medicine Peculiarities: Innovations and Discoveries
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