Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

Современные методы диагностики и лечения рака молочной железы

Breast cancer − the most common malignant disease among women worldwide.

Every year, 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer are registered, more than 522 thousand women die from this disease. In the US, the incidence of breast cancer is 300,000, in Europe − 458,000 cases.

Only regular checkups help to diagnose the disease at an early stage and cure it completely.

Find out in an exclusive interview on estet-portal.com about the features of diagnosis and modern treatment options for breast cancer from Ph.D., plastic surgeon, member of the International Society of Plastic Surgeons ISAPS, author of the book « ;Women's Breasts: Passion and Pain», Pavel Denischuk.

Early symptoms of breast cancer
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Basic Treatments for Breast Cancers

Early symptoms of breast cancer

P.D.: At the moment, doctors of all specialties, and I in my book, focus on the fact that every woman should know the symptoms of breast cancer, because it the disease is the leader in the ranking of oncology.

The problem is that at an early stage of the disease, the symptoms are not very pronounced, and therefore women turn to doctors with complaints too late.

First signs of breast cancer

By chance, a woman may find a seal in the form of nodules and "balls" localized in the chest, but this is not always a sign of cancer.

Such seals may indicate the development of mastopathy, mastitis or cysts. However, the seals − these are the first signs of breast cancer that can be detected by self-examination of the breast.

Characteristics of methods for diagnosing breast neoplasms

Early stage

breast cancer may be accompanied by other signs:

Changes in breast skin − spots similar to psoriasis, hyperemic foci, small rashes;

periodic increase in body temperature;
pain syndrome
m.

P.D.:

Diagnosis of breast cancer usually begins from the moment when the woman herself in the process of self-examination, or the doctor during a clinical examination of the mammary glands, detects focal induration. Breast self-examination − a very important part of the assessment of the condition of the mammary glands, which allows you to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment.

1. Mammography

is one of the leading methods for primary diagnosis of breast cancer, which allows diagnosing tumors ranging in size from 5-10 mm.

The reliability of the method

is 75-95%, its use in the clinical diagnosis of breast neoplasms makes it possible to detect a tumor at the first stage in 50-70% of cases.

My default image

2. Ultrasound

is indicated for the detection of benign lesions with a diameter of more than 1 cm. At the same time, ultrasound plays a decisive role in

diagnosis of cysts

, where the accuracy of the method reaches 98-100%. 3.Puncture (aspiration)

biopsy

plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of breast masses. If it is impossible to palpate the formations, the puncture is performed under the control of ultrasound or mammography, followed by cytological examination of the obtained material.

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4.Trepan biopsy allows obtaining a tissue column available for

histological examination

, determining the receptor status of the tumor and examining tissue markers. 5. Cytological examination of nipple discharge is performed in the presence of pathological discharge. Cytological examination of discharge from the nipples in some cases makes it possible to establish a diagnosis in

early forms of ductal carcinomas

, when it is not possible to visualize the tumor with other available methodsm.

Preoperative diagnosis of breast neoplasms

Basic Treatments for Breast Cancer P.D.: To date, the following

treatment methods for

breast cancer are distinguished:

Surgical. The volume and type of operation depend on the location of the tumor in the mammary gland, its size, the form of tumor growth and the stage of the disease.

organ-preserving operations (removal of part of the mammary gland).

Mastectomy

can be performed without or with reconstruction of the breast (placement of an implant instead of the removed breast).

Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction may be offered to women at very high risk (presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2mutation).

Chemotherapy My default image . During chemotherapy, the patient is injected with

antitumor drugs

that have a destructive and cytostatic effect on cancer cells:

preoperative chemotherapy (neoadjuvant) - done to reduce the size of the tumor so it can be removed more easily;

postoperative chemotherapy (

) - is performed to prevent recurrence (reappearance) of the tumor; symptomatic chemotherapy (
) - given to advanced breast cancer to shrink the tumor, slow its growth, or relieve symptoms.

Radiation therapy My default image is performed after organ-preserving operations, complete removal of the mammary gland and as an independent method of treatment.

radical treatment is not possible, radiation therapy may be given to shrink the tumor and relieve symptoms.

Hormone therapy is given to all patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer

regardless of other treatment.

Targeted therapy − a method that causes tumor destruction by acting on tumor cell receptors.
Done to study the sensitivity and presence of certain breast cancer receptors, most commonly drugs such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), pertuzumab, bevacizumab, panitumumab (vecbitix), cetuximab.

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Combination treatment involves the use of several different methods of influencing the tumor.

Complex treatment

to expand the indications

for organ-preserving and reconstructive operations, to improve the quality of life of operated patients without reducing the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.

But you should always remember that only regular preventive examinations and self-examinations will help a woman to always stay healthy.

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