Age features of the development of acne

. Self-esteem and self-perception in a peer group are especially acutely perceived during the onset of acne vulgaris, which can lead to neurotic disorders.

Can probiotics improve skin condition At the same time, the problem of acne and its cosmetic consequences also worries older people. Studies have found that 

, further the frequency decreases to 8-3%. The leading mechanisms of formation of inflammatory elements of acne

Thanks to fundamental research, it was possible to elucidate the mechanisms of acne development: the leading role in the pathogenesis of acne is played by four 

: 1) androgen-induced hyperproduction of sebum, associated with an increase in the levels of androgenic hormones, an increase in the activity of the 5α-reductase enzyme, and an increase in the sensitivity of androgen receptors on the surface of the sebaceous gland;

2) increased proliferation of follicular keratinocytes with impaired differentiation, which leads to follicular hyperkeratosis and further comedo formation;

3) colonization of sebaceous hair follicles by Propionibacterium acnes,

4) the development of inflammation and its spread.

A significant role in the development of acne is assigned to the influence of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora; 

Facebook! The skin has a certain protective barrier due not only to the integrity of the cover, but also due to the composition of sebum, which is 

. The secretion of the sebaceous glands is a favorable environment for the reproduction of P. acnes, and a decrease in the level of unsaturated fatty acids weakens the bactericidal properties of sebum.

Metabolic Syndrome and Skin Hypersensitivity Bacterial lipases cause hydrolysis of sebum with the formation of free fatty acids, the excess of which is a trigger factor for hyperkeratosis and comedo formation, followed by the formation of acne.

Most researchers consider Propionibacterium acnes to be a pathogenetically significant causative agent of inflammatory forms of acne vulgaris.

These bacteria are most often found in the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland. Recently, the role of yeast-like fungi Malassezia in the occurrence of 

elements of acne has also been noted. The place of azelaic acid in the treatment of acne

The choice of tactics for the treatment of acne should take into account the leading pathogenetic links of the disease, the features of the clinical picture and the severity of the disease.

The correct assessment of the severity of the clinical manifestations of acne (mild, moderate and severe) allows you to determine the optimal treatment tactics:

- 

, in most cases, it is sufficient to use rationally selected external therapy and preventive measures in the form of cosmetic skin care; - 

, topical therapy remains an essential adjunct to systemic therapy, which allows for shorter treatment times.

Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma Among the large number of topical acne treatments, azelaic acid preparations occupy a leading position. Azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, the advantage of which in the treatment of acne 

. Specifically, azelaic acid:

- blocks the enzyme 5α-reductase;

- normalizes keratinization processes;

- has a bacterio- and fungistatic effect.

Since azelaic acid has an antiproliferative effect on keratinocytes and causes a moderate cytostatic effect (due to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis), this manifests itself in the form of 

How do diseases of the digestive tract affect the skin Azelaic acid has an antibacterial effect, primarily against Propionibacterium acnes, which are involved in the formation of inflammatory acne, as well as against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, etc.  in the sebaceous glands

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