Yellow Nail Syndrome has acquired a code in the International Classification 10 Revision L60.5. However, it is worth knowing that under the external manifestation of the yellow nail syndrome, the pathology of various organs and systems can be hidden: hepatitis, lymphostasis, disorders in the endocrine system, decompensation of problems with the lungs, skin, heart.
A thorough examination will reveal the cause of this syndrome. Read about the causes of yellow nail syndrome and how to correct them in this article on the website estet-portal.com.
What is yellow nail syndrome
Yellow Nail Syndrome – a rare manifestation of the pathology of internal organs, characterized by a thickening of the nail plate, the acquisition of a yellow color, a convex shape, roughness, loss of luster, and as a result – delamination and destruction.
Equally affects both males and females, but is more common in the older age group. Sometimes the disease has a family character. Seasonal manifestations are not typical. However, it should be remembered that the pigmentation of the nail plate can be traced in some nationalities in the norm.
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Causes of yellow nail syndrome
1. The nail plate acquires a yellow color due to accumulation of bile pigments, melanin and hemosiderin in the subungual space in the pathology of the biliary system.
The average life span of an erythrocyte is 120 days. With the destruction of red blood cells in the spleen, hemoglobin enters the bloodstream, which binds to plasma haptoglobin. Cells of the reticuloendothelial system cleave the complex of haptoglobin and hemoglobin.
Further, globin is broken down into amino acids, the non-protein part of hemoglobin is converted into bilirubin, and iron is released. Bilirubin in combination with albumin enters the liver, is separated, captured by hepatocytes, undergoes a compound reaction with glucuronic acid and is excreted in the urine, as well as in the bile, into the duodenum. In the pathology of the kidneys or bile ducts, conjugated bilirubin enters the bloodstream, settles in the tissues of the organs and even in the subungual space, gives a specific color.
2. Local hemosiderosis as a result of the release of erythrocytes into the intercellular space and subsequent hemolysis in violation of capillary permeability.
Autoimmune processes in systemic diseases, injuries damage the vascular wall and contribute to the release of erythrocytes into the connective and epithelial tissue of the dermis. The hemosiderin formed there impregnates the tissue with iron from its composition, staining it yellow.
3. Lymphostasis. Mutation of the FOXC2 gene leads to an increase in the permeability of the lymphatic vessels, and as a result – dystrophy of the dermis. Under the influence of UV radiation and hormonal levels, melanocytes synthesize melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes, which, due to dystrophic changes, do not deliver melanin to the desired balls of the dermis, but accumulate in the subungual space.
4. Other causes. Rubromycosis and favus cause yellow nail syndrome. Tobacco resin significantly changes the color of the skin and nails towards a yellow tint. Excessive consumption of foods rich in carotene leads to carotenoderma.
Baltsa symptom (carotenoderma) - orange-yellow staining of the palms and soles after prolonged and heavy consumption of oranges, pumpkins and carrots, rich in carotene.
Treatment and prognosis
The clinical diagnosis of yellow nail syndrome is established by a dermatologist based on an objective examination of the patient. It is necessary to examine the patient in detail to search for the etiological factor and clarify the pathogenesis of the syndrome. It is obligatory to carry out scraping of the affected nail plates to exclude mycosis, it is desirable to carry out lymphography.
Spontaneous improvement occurs in 30% of cases. For drug therapy, vitamin E is used in a daily dose of 1200 IU, the effectiveness of the application is 50%. Topical applications with an oily solution of tocopherol acetate and antifungal ointments are also used.
You may be interested in an article on our website estet-portal.com in the "Dermatology" section: Nail color helps to diagnose many diseases in a timely manner
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