In the practice of dermatologists, acneform dermatoses caused by drugs have recently been encountered frequently. They are called drug acne, they are similar in appearance to acne rashes, but require a special approach to treatment.
Among the causes that caused drug dermatosis, such as taking anabolic steroids and hormonal drugs began to lead. Acneform dermatoses have atypical localization, sudden onset, monomorphic rashes, and a widespread character. Clinical features of drug-induced acne, read on estet-portal.com.
Features and types of drug-induced acne
In clinical practice, acneform dermatoses caused by certain drugs are often encountered recently, they are called drug-induced acne. Most often, such acne occurs between the ages of 30 and 40.
The following clinical varieties of drug-induced acne are distinguished
- halogen acne (bromacne, iodacne, chloracne);
- corticosteroid acne;
- acne caused by the use of androgens, progestins, drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases;
- doping acne caused by the use of anabolic agents and B vitamins;
- acne caused by the use of cytostatics; immunotropic agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, gold salts); anticonvulsants (barbiturates, phenytoin); anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, isonicotinic acid); tetracycline and streptomycin antibiotics, etc.
Read more: Acne in women of reproductive age: features of the disease
Halogen acne – a type of drug-induced acne
Halogen acne is observed when prescribing systemic preparations containing iodine, bromine, chlorine. Prolonged topical application of iodine solutions can provoke the appearance of papular and pustular rashes.
The appearance of rashes with such drug-induced acne is associated with immune responses, leading to increased sensitivity of the body to iodine salts. The irritating effect of iodine excreted with sebum on the walls of sebaceous hair follicles and the activation of pyococcal flora are also important.
Hidden sources of iodine and bromine – vitamins, minerals, asthma and cold medicines, sleeping pills, sedatives – may cause acne breakouts.
Cases of drug-induced acne have become more frequent with excessive consumption of iodized salt, seafood (seaweed, shellfish, mussels, sea fish), food supplements containing iodine.
Chloracne is a severe form of exogenously provoked acne when exposed to halogenated aromatic compounds .
Medicated acne with hormonal drugs
Prolonged use of corticosteroid drugs may cause corticosteroid acne, localized at the site of application of halogenated drugs or diffusely when taken orally.
When taking hormonal drugs (androgens, progestins), in the treatment of thyroid diseases, against the background of hepatitis, cirrhosis, transformative forms of hyperandrogenism can develop, which lead to the appearance of drug-induced acne.
This is due to a decrease in the production of sex steroid-binding globulin (SHB) in the liver, which binds androgens. In the bound state, testosterone cannot interact with receptors in target tissues, therefore, the clinical manifestations of the androgenic effect correlate with the level of free testosterone, not associated with DES. A decrease in the level of DES leads to hyperandrogenism.
Bodybuilding acne - drug-induced acne after doping
Doping (bodybuilding acne) has become increasingly common, they appear after a long-term use of anabolic steroids (testosterone derivatives) in order to increase muscle mass. What symptoms are accompanied by doping acne, read further on estet-portal.com.
Anabolics can be compared in their effect on the body with hormone-producing tumors, which lead to a significant increase in the secretion of the sebaceous glands in men and women. Secretion production increases rapidly and leads to seborrhea of the skin of the face, scalp, chest, back, acneiform rashes, androgenetic alopecia.
Under the influence of excess androgens, women develop a viril syndrome (hyperandrogenism). Men experience feminizing effects – gynecomastia, oligo- and azoospermia. Rashes with drug-induced acne quickly regress after the elimination of the provoking factor, do not leave behind secondary elements in the form of scars and hyperpigmentation. Treatment of drug-induced acne is carried out according to the general principles of acne therapy with the obligatory elimination of the causative factor.
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