In recent years, more and more attention is paid to the study of the problem of combining the pathology of the digestive system with other pathological conditions, in particular with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension. In recent years, new hormones and neurotransmitters have been discovered that regulate energy metabolism and eating behavior, including ghrelin.
Find out in the article on estet-portal.com where is the hunger hormone ghrelin synthesized and what functions does it have, and how can you regulate the process of its formation.
The main sites of synthesis of the hunger hormone ghrelin
Ghrelin (ghrelin) − a gastrointestinal hormone that elicits various biological properties and effects:
- stimulates the release of growth hormone;
- stimulates appetite;
- has anabolic effect;
- affects carbohydrate metabolism.
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The cells of the stomach perform an excretory and endocrine function, and also produce ghrelin − The orexigenic hormone, consisting of 28 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 3.3 kDa.
Primary site of ghrelin synthesis − stomach, in 2nd place − duodenum, less pronounced concentrations are present in the entire gastrointestinal tract and decrease in the distal direction.
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In the stomach, ghrelin synthesis is carried out by enteroendocrine cells in the acid-producing mucosa, formerly called "X/A-shaped cells"; with an unspecified function. The number of these cells is approximately 20% of the total number of endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa.
A number of scientists identify them as a separate group ghrelin-producing cells ghrelin-producing cells (Gr cells). Most of these cells adhere to the basement membrane, do not directly contact the gastric lumen, and release ghrelin directly into the blood.
This indicates that functionally these cells do not depend on the influence of physicochemical stimuli of the contents of the stomach.
Ghrelin is also produced in small quantities :
- lungs;
- pancreatic islets;
- gonads;
- adrenal cortex;
- placenta;
- hypothalamus.
The question of the central production of ghrelin is debatable, since the possibility of its passageto the hypothalamus through the blood-brain barrier is being discussed.
I want to eat all the time, and you don't know what to do with it? First of all, you need to understand that the body controls the amount of food absorbed with the help of two hormones – the hunger hormone ghrelin and the satiety hormone leptin. Accordingly, the first of them causes a feeling of hunger, and the second – suppresses appetite. And the higher the level of ghrelin in the body, the more difficult it is for you to resist food cravings, because we are powerless against nature. However, there are little tricks with which you can influence the physiological processes involved in controlling hunger – estet-portal.com will share them with with its readers.
Little tricks – how to suppress the hunger hormone ghrelin
Certain foods, drinks, and practices trigger the production of the hunger hormone ghrelin, resulting in a brutal appetite that is simply impossible to ignore. Sometimes you want to eat even though you are not really hungry.
The hunger hormone ghrelin can be controlled.
How can you suppress the hunger hormone?
- Eat foods that stretch the walls of the stomach
Foods high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and seeds, stretch the walls of your stomach. This triggers a hormonal response that makes you feel full: ghrelin levels decrease and
leptin levels rise accordingly.
Avoid processed foods that contain white flour (pasta, crackers, cookies, cakes, muffins, etc.) as they do not stretch the stomach walls and ghrelin levels remain unchanged during their use.
- stock up on pine nuts
They contain pinolenic acid – omega-3 fatty acid, which stimulates the production of cholecystokinin – a hormone that, together with leptin, plays an important role in suppressing appetite.
- Track your omega-3 fatty acids
Salmon, tuna, trout, kale, chia and flax seeds, which are quite high in omega-3s, help many processes in the body, incl. suppress inflammation in brain tissues and promote better communication of leptin with brain cells.
- Balance your digestive process
Remember that a healthy digestive tract is essential for proper digestion.
- Drink green tea
This drink contains the antioxidant epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which helps to increase cholecystokinin levels.
- Try not to abuse fats
The hunger hormone ghrelin is increased by a diet high in fat. Moreover, the abuse of fats leads to a decrease in taste sensitivity.
- Eat less fructose foods
Fructose interferes with the production of the satiety hormone leptin and increases ghrelin levels. In this scenario, the risk of eating a large number of calories increases significantly.
- Sleep well
Studies show that regular sleep of less than 7 hours is associated with increased hunger hormone levels and decreased satiety hormone levels. That is why people who lack sleep tend to overeat.
- Don't forget about training
Regular exercise benefits the digestive system and also helps the body produce leptin.
- Combat Stress
The stress hormone cortisol promotes cravings for high carbohydrate and fatty foods. Walk in nature, listen to relaxing music, learn to meditate, sign up for a massage – do your best not to let stress get the better of you.
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Scientists are constantly conducting research aimed at determining the factors that contribute to normal digestion and maintaining the beauty and health of the body. Stay tuned to estet-portal.com for important discoveries that will help you control the hunger hormone ghrelin and always stay in shape effortlessly!
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