The main task of medical cosmetology is the prevention of premature aging, as well as the maximum possible elimination of already existing age-related changes. Modern aesthetic medicine offers a rich assortment of anti-age-therapy products.
Knowledge of the principles of the development of age-related changes in the skin of the face and body is necessary for dermatocosmetologists to effectively provide cosmetic care to the population.
In this article on estet-porta.com, we will look at the endogenous mechanisms of facial tissue aging and current theories regarding the development of wrinkles.
Mechanisms of aging: genetic factors and free radicals
The role of exogenous factors (bad habits, stress, poor environmental conditions) in the initiation of premature aging processes is a well-studied and well-known process.
Today, less obvious predictors of aging are of the greatest interest – endogenous factors.
There are universal principles of body aging, which are regulated by certain mechanisms. These should include:
1. Genetic factors: according to modern concepts, there are genetic programs that limit cell proliferation and, thereby, contribute to aging. With age, more and more errors occur in the process of DNA repair of cells, which is the main reason for the development of "age-related diseases";
2. Free radicals: with age, the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system of the body decreases, which leads to damage by free radicals to the macromolecular structures of cells. A powerful antioxidant is melatonin, the level of which also decreases with age;
Free radicals and aging: what is the relationship between them
3. Defects of the immune system: numerous age-related pathological processes are associated with the inferiority of the mechanisms of the immune response due to the physiological involution of this system.
There is convincing evidence regarding the role of the epiphysis in the aging process – an organ responsible for the production of melatonin and playing an important role in the regulation of the biological rhythms of the microorganism. At the same time, there is convincing evidence regarding the effectiveness of the use of epithalamin in the prevention of premature aging of the body.
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Mechanisms of aging of facial tissues: where do wrinkles come from
It is well known that the most aesthetically significant manifestation of facial tissue aging is the appearance of "excess skin" leading to the development of wrinkles.
It is interesting that the development of such a common phenomenon of age-related changes as wrinkles still does not have a single explanation.
According to some authors, the specific growth of the skin continues even after the end of the formation and growth of the bones of the facial skull. Appearing with age «excess» skin is especially pronounced in areas of active work of mimic muscles.
According to other authors, with age, there is a decrease in the mitotic activity of the cells of the epidermal germinal layer, which leads to a decrease in the protective function of the skin – she becomes flabby.
In this case, age-related atrophy of the deeper layers occurs. Thus, the impression is created of redundancy of the skin, which is expressed by the appearance of wrinkles.
Age-related changes in the biochemical characteristics of facial tissues
With age, there is a change in the biochemical characteristics of the outer cover, in particular the skin of exposed areas of the body: face, neck and hands.
It is known that the pH of the skin of open areas of the body in young people is higher than that of closed ones. After 60 years, the acidity of the skin on closed and open areas of the body levels off.
In addition, with age, there is an increase in the content of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium in the skin, while silicon and sulfur – decrease.
The skin loses its hydrophilicity – dehydrated and sclerosed, becomes thin and dry, with a coarser pattern and a brownish-yellowish tinge.
How the hormone melatonin helps prevent aging
Modern cosmetics: fighting the mechanisms of aging
With age, atrophic changes occur in the appendages of the skin and, as a result, a decrease in the number of sweat and sebaceous glands.
During the period of age involution, shortening of the eyelashes is observed. If in childhood and adolescence their length averages 8-12 mm, then after 60 years – only 3-5 mm.
Of course, the above mechanisms of aging are only a small part of what is known to science today.
Every specialist working in the field of aesthetic medicine should be guided by the principles of the development of age-related skin changes.
Modern cosmetic products not only "mask" age-related changes, but also aimed at slowing down the mechanisms of aging of the body.
Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Cosmetology" section. You may also be interested in: Braid to the waist: why our hair grows old
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