Anorexia nervosa is a potentially life-threatening disorder whose symptoms may include dangerously rapid weight loss, intense fear of weight gain, and body image distortion.
Characterized primarily by a low body mass index, the development of anorexia nervosa is characterized by the complexity of pathogenetic processes.
Check out the latest research on the causes of anorexia nervosa in the article on estet-portal.com.
The relevance of the problem of anorexia nervosa in the world
According to statistics, in the population, this condition is observed in 0.9-4% of women and 0.3% of men, while the factor of heredity is important in 50-60% of cases.
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Moreover, mortality is known to be higher among those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa compared to other psychiatric disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is, at least in part, a metabolic disease, and not exclusively mental disorder, as previously thought. This concept can significantly change the approach to the treatment of this disease.
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Results of the study of the causes of anorexia nervosa
In this genome study, scientists combined results from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative − ANGI and the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics. Genomics Consortium - PGC-ED). Overall, a genome-wide study was conducted on 16,992 people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa compared with controls (N = 55,525).
Analysis of the genome of patients identified 8 genetic variants associated with the development of anorexia nervosa.
According to the study, the genetic architecture of anorexia nervosa reflects its clinical manifestations, demonstrating significant genetic correlations with mental status, physical activity, and metabolic, including hyperglycemic, lipid, and anthropometric traits, independent of the effects of common variants associated with body mass index .
In addition, the genetic prerequisites for the development of anorexia nervosa are cross-related with other mental imbalances, such as obsessive-compulsive, depressive and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia. Genetic factors in the development of anorexia nervosa have been found to influence physical activity, probably explaining the tendency of patients with anorexia nervosa to increase physical activity.
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Analyzing the results, the authors of the study noted that metabolic disorders observed in individuals with anorexia nervosa are usually associated with starvation. However, new data indicate that primary metabolic differences in body functioning may also contribute to the development of this disease.
Moreover, the results of the analysis show that metabolic factors may play an equally important role as psychogenic factors. Thus, integrating information on the importance of metabolic characteristics can help develop more effective treatment options for patients with eating disorders.
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Prospects for the correction of metabolic processes in the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Concluding the discussion, the scientists concluded that the results of the groundbreaking study greatly expand the view of the genetic basis of such a pathology as anorexia nervosa. In general, the results obtained in the work form the basis for revising the concept of the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa from the standpoint of a metabolic-psychological disorder. The study of the nuances of the metabolic component, according to the authors, is a critical direction for future research.
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Thus, paying attention to both mental and metabolic aspects of the pathological condition under consideration could optimize the effectiveness of medical care for such patients and improve the prognosis of their treatment.
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