Perianal dermatitis is one of those diseases that many patients try to keep silent about, considering their problems uncomfortable and indecent. And only when it becomes completely unbearable from pain or discomfort, they go to the proctologist, who explains to the patient that dermatological treatment is indispensable here. Inflammation of the anal area can appear for various reasons - both due to internal diseases, and due to poor hygiene or exposure to pathogens. Therefore, it is important for a dermatologist to determine the cause of the development of perianal dermatitis and, if necessary, to prescribe additional studies from doctors of related specialties.

Perianal dermatitis is an inflammation of the anal area, when the skin around the anus becomes red and inflamed, swollen and painful, and itchy. The cause of the development of perianal dermatitis can be allergies and intestinal diseases, hemorrhoids and anal fissures, candidiasis and helminthic invasions. Skin irritation and inflammation of the anal area can occur due to diarrhea and even poor personal hygiene. The disease affects people of any gender and age - from infants to the elderly, but the reasons that provoked perianal dermatitis are different for everyone. It is very important to establish what caused the inflammation of the anal area, and after starting the treatment of the underlying disease, prescribe therapy for perianal dermatitis.

Causes of perianal dermatitis and the nature of manifestations

Perianal dermatitis develops, as a rule, due to skin irritation caused by internal diseases or external causes.

Intrinsic factors provoking perianal dermatitis include:

  • Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, proctitis - an inflammatory process from the intestine spreads to the skin around the anus;
  • Prolapse of the rectum in some tumors - leads to skin irritation in the perianal region;
  • hemorrhoids, anal fissure, enterobiasis, dysbacteriosis, candidiasis;
  • immunodeficiency conditions;
  • long-term therapy with antibiotics, corticosteroids.

External causes due to which inflammation of the anal region develops are the following:

  • allergy to skin care products;
  • poor hygiene;
  • irritation of the anus with prolonged diarrhea;
  • reaction to synthetic clothing, uncomfortable underwear (e.g. thongs), residues of aggressive detergents on underwear fabrics;
  • reaction to a long ride in a car or on horseback (at the same time, broken hairs of the anal region are embedded in the skin and greatly irritate it).

In any case, perianal dermatitis is manifested by redness and inflammation of the skin, swelling and soreness. Often inflammation of the anal area is exacerbated by scratching if the patient is worried about severe itching. If we are talking about perianal dermatitis of bacterial origin, then against the background of hyperemic skin, purulent vesicles and pustules appear, turning into weeping of the skin, erosion and crust. Fungal perianal dermatitis is accompanied by peeling and a whitish coating. Allergic inflammation of the anal area is characterized by the appearance of papules with serous contents and severe itching. Perianal dermatitis caused by intestinal diseases is combined with abdominal pain and mucous or bloody discharge from the anus.

Diagnosis and treatment of manifestations of perianal dermatitis

With symptoms of perianal dermatitis, patients most often come to a proctologist or gastroenterologist, and the doctor examines the perianal area, prescribes diagnostic tests (colonoscopy, coprogram, scraping for pathogenic fungi, anus swab, etc.) to determine the causes, which causes inflammation of the anal region.

Treatment of perianal dermatitis is effective once its etiology has been clarified. Antihistamines will help relieve itching, inflammation and pain can be relieved with the use of dexpanthenol, zinc ointment, lotions and baths with medicinal herbs (oak bark, chamomile). If necessary, antibacterial ointments are prescribed.

Good personal hygiene and wearing loose, soft cotton underwear that does not irritate the skin is essential.

perianal dermatitis, inflammation of the anal region

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