Sirtuins are evolutionarily preserved mediators of longevity; they are also called “anti-aging proteins.” Increased activity of these proteins has been identified in people living over 100 years. Sirtuins are responsible for cell regeneration, viability and stability, and play a significant role in the response to stress. The search for a sirtuin activator is one of the most extensive research topics. Some hope is placed on natural compounds, including curcumin . Read more about how sirtuins resist aging, as well as how to increase their levels, in this article on estet-portal.com.
- The secret of youth and longevity: sirtuin proteins
- Anti-aging effects of sirtuins
- Potential of sirtuins: in vivo and in vitro studies
- How to make sirtuins work
The secret of youth and longevity: sirtuin proteins
Aging is a plastic process that can be successfully simulated using some biomedical approaches or pharmaceuticals. In this way, it is possible to delay or even prevent some age-related changes and pathologies.
One of the most promising areas of antiaging are proteins belonging to the sirtuin family.
Sirtuins were originally discovered as transcriptional repressors in yeast, but are now known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes (including mammals).
Sirtuins are thought to play a key role during the cellular response to various stresses, such as oxidative or genotoxic stress.
Although some evidence has questioned the direct involvement of sirtuins in increasing human lifespan, it has been documented that healthy lifestyle choices , including physical activity and diet, can influence lifespan by increasing sirtuin levels . The search for a sirtuin activator is one of the most extensive research topics. Some hope is placed on natural compounds, including curcumin.
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Anti-aging effects of sirtuins
Modulation of sirtuin activity in mammals can regulate many processes such as gene expression, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle, development, immune response, and neuroprotection.
A significant increase in interest in sirtuins occurred in 1999, when it was reported that overexpression of Sir2 could extend the lifespan of yeast by as much as 70%.
The antiaging effects of sirtuins appear to be conserved from yeast to mammals , however the complexity of their functions increases with the complexity of the organism. In yeast, the positive effect of sirtuin activity can be explained by increased genome stability.
Further research has shown that exposure to sirtuins can increase lifespan in other organisms , such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In mammals, these proteins regulate numerous signaling pathways, and most importantly, those that are directly involved in aging.
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Potential of sirtuins: in vivo and in vitro studies
Aging is associated with numerous changes at the organismal, tissue and cellular levels. With age , senescent cells accumulate in many tissues, disrupting their normal functioning. Senescent cells modify the microenvironment by secreting certain cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators.
Increased DNA damage with age results from impaired efficiency of DNA repair systems. DNA damage is believed to be a major cause of cellular aging.
Sirtuins are essential for DNA repair , inflammation control, and antioxidant defense , making them good anti-aging/anti-aging targets.
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How to make sirtuins work
Calorie restriction is still the only effective way to prolong life without genetic or pharmacological intervention.
The effect of calorie restriction (in addition to prolonging lifespan) is manifested in physiological and behavioral changes, such as decreased levels of growth factors, glucose, triglycerides and increased physical activity.
Almost all sirtuins, except SIRT4, are increased by caloric restriction. Therefore, sirtuins are thought to mediate the beneficial effects caused by such a diet.
Thus, proper nutrition with limited calories is the main guarantee of health and longevity.
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