Congenital and acquired diseases of the skin, sebaceous and sweat glands in childhood

The sebaceous glands are located all over the surface of the skin, with the exception of the palms, soles and dorsum of the foot.

The skin of the face, upper chest and back is the richest in them.

Their ducts open into the hair follicles, and on the lips, foreskin and labia minora directly to the surface of the skin.

The sebaceous glands respond to hormonal stimulation and are activated by androgens.

Find out in the article on estet-portal.com about the clinical picture, approaches to diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the sweat and sebaceous glands in childhood.

• Features of the functioning of the sebaceous and sweat glands
• Sweat gland dysfunction in children
• Approaches to the treatment of children with diseases of sweat and sebaceous jelly3

Features of the functioning of the sebaceous and sweat glands

In the prenatal period, under the influence of maternal androgens, sebaceous glands secrete a fatty substance, which, together with desquamated keratinized epidermal cells, form original lubricant.

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Increased Function − hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands is manifested by abundant small yellowish-white papules, which are localized on the forehead, nose, upper lip, cheeks.

The rash gradually decreases in size and disappears during the first weeks of life.

Immunological aspects of the development of atopic dermatitis

Apocrine sweat glands.

Placed in the groin, around the navel, on the skin of the vulva and perineum, around the anus.

These also include:

• mammary glands;
• wax glands;
• ciliated (molly) glands.

At an early age, they practically do not function and do not participate in thermoregulation.

Eccrine sweat glands.

Distributed over the entire surface of the body, including on the palms and soles.

They react to the slightest temperature changes and provide thermoregulation by evaporation of water, which they exudeon the surface of the skin.

Sweat gland dysfunction in children

Anhidrosis/Hypohidrosis − absence/decreased function of sweat glands.

In newborns, this is a consequence of functional immaturity, but may be a manifestation of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Hyperhidrosis is caused by excessive activity of the eccrine glands and can be a concomitant disease in many pathologies.

Heterogeneous groups of diseases, which are characterized by defects in teeth, skin and its appendages, are called ectodermal dysplasia.

Often these diseases are accompanied by tissue defects that originate not from the ectoderm, but from other germ layers.

Among them: hypohidrotic (anhydrotic) ectodermal dysplasia.

About 175 clinical and genetic forms of this pathology have been described, but all of them are based on three main defects:

• partial or complete absence of sweat glands;
• tooth anomalies;
• hypotrichosis.

Female mothers may have defective teeth, sparse hair, slight sweating.

Basic approaches to the treatment of allergic dermatitis

As a result of disturbed sweating in patients with a high ambient temperature, episodes of obscure hyperthermia are observed, which in children are leading due to other signs of this pathology that are not very noticeable.

The following developmental stigmas:

• protruding forehead;
• underdeveloped zygomatic bones;
• sealing of nose bridge;
• wrinkled and hyperpigmented periorbital areas;
• low-set ears;
• thick, outward-turning lips.

In the neonatal period excessive flaking of the skin.

Hair

sparse, weakly pigmented, eyebrows and eyelashes sparse or completely absent.

Teeth

are missing or widely spaced and conical in shape.

Rarely

nasolacrimal stenosis

, corneal clouding, cataract. Sweating is reduced or absent.

The disease contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis and respiratory tract infections.

The diagnosis is verified on the basis of

medical genetic testing

and histological examination of the skin. Reduced or absent sweating can be confirmed by

pilocarpine electrophoresis

om.

Chronic urticaria in the practice of a dermatologist. Part 1 Approaches to the treatment of children with diseases of the sweat and sebaceous glands

In the management of these patients,

uncontrolled thermal exposures

. For example, a newborn placed in an incubator should be carefully monitored both for the patient's body temperature and for optimal temperature conditions in the incubator itself.

This also applies to childcare at home.

For older age groups, it is important to provide

cooling measures

(clothing made of natural fabrics that do not retain moisture, special cooling vests, hats). Early care of teeth helps to maintain their aesthetic appearance and functional ability.

The disease requires

immunological correction

, prevention and serious treatment of accompanying symptoms and complications.

 

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