Enamel hypoplasia – this is a congenital anomaly in the development of the tooth, its tissues and enamel, which is characterized by their insufficient development. Today, the editors of Estet-portal will tell you about this problem, as well as how to treat it.
Causes of enamel hypoplasia
The main cause of enamel hypoplasia are serious metabolic disorders and lack of vitamins. Also, do not forget about the harmful factors that can affect the development of the fetus.
Given that the number of children who are born with tooth enamel hypoplasia is constantly increasing, the scientists came to the conclusion that negative factors have the greatest impact on the development of the anomaly. Studies confirm that hypoplasia and other anomalies in the development of the teeth appear more often in children whose mothers, while pregnant, suffered infectious diseases or had toxicosis.
So, the highest risk is for those whose mother is pregnant:
- suffered from severe and prolonged toxicosis;
- had ARVI;
- had rubella;
- toxoplasmosis.
In addition, underdevelopment of the enamel is observed in premature babies and those who were injured during childbirth.
Clinical manifestations and types of enamel hypoplasia
1. Systemic hypoplasia.
Depending on the severity, systemic enamel hypoplasia may present with:
- enamel color change;
- enamel underdevelopment;
- complete absence of tooth enamel.
Change in the color of the enamel appears as symmetrical white spots of various shapes, which are located on the teeth of the same name. Chalk spots are found on the vestibular surface and are not accompanied by unpleasant or painful sensations. A diagnostic sign is that the outer layer of enamel on the affected area is smooth, shiny and does not change color when interacting with dyes. Throughout life, the stain will not change color or shape.
In some cases, enamel hypoplasia appears as a single hyperpigmented band on the crown of the tooth. Sometimes this groove is quite deep and there is a noticeable decrease in the size of the crown of the tooth in the form of interception, this form of hypoplasia is called striated. Very rarely, scalene hypoplasia is observed, when several grooves form on the crown of the teeth. But it is characteristic that even with severe forms of such enamel hypoplasia, its integrity is not violated.
2. Local enamel hypoplasia.
Such hypoplasia occurs on permanent teeth due to the involvement of the rudiments of teeth in the inflammatory process or due to mechanical trauma of the developing rudiment. Clinically, this type of hypoplasia appears as white or yellowish-brown spots, and more often as punctate depressions over the entire surface. In some cases, the enamel of the crown of the tooth is completely or partially missing.
Local hypoplasia of tooth enamel leads to the fact that microbes act more aggressively on dentin, freely penetrating into it and causing deep caries. The second serious complication is the defeat of other tissues of the tooth – cement, dentin and pulp, since enamel hypoplasia rarely occurs in isolation. Many children subsequently develop a malocclusion.
The method of treating enamel hypoplasia directly depends on its type and severity. So, with a low severity, measures are taken to prevent caries, and more attention is paid to oral hygiene. The editors of Estet-portal wish you to always dazzle everyone with your smile. If you still have questions regarding this problem, you can leave them in the comments.
To eliminate a cosmetic defect, when hypoplasia is noticeable when talking, filling with a composite material is used. In case of severe defects, you may need the help of an orthodontist, who will install metal-ceramic crowns.
Add a comment