Acute cystitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, predominantly of infectious origin. Thermal, chemical and other factors can also contribute to the occurrence of acute cystitis, but such clinical cases are rare. Every fourth woman suffers an episode of acute cystitis during her life, every third of them has a recurrence of the disease.
In 10% of women, this pathology acquires a chronic course, which is most often associated with ineffective treatment of acute cystitis. Knowledge of modern approaches to drug therapy acute cystitis is necessary for doctors of all specialties due to the wide spread of this disease. Read more about the etiology, provoking factors, typical symptoms and treatment regimens for acute cystitis on estet-portal.com in this article.
What factors contribute to the development of acute cystitis in women
Acute cystitis occurs five times more often in women than in men due to the peculiarities of the structure of their genitourinary and endocrine systems. Most susceptible to the disease are girls aged 25-30 years, as well as postmenopausal women. The etiological causes of acute cystitis in women are most often gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella). The mucous wall of the bladder has natural antibacterial defense mechanisms: the urothelium of the organ produces a mucopolysaccharide secretion that prevents the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms.
However, factors such as concomitant gynecological diseases, frequent change of sexual partners, instrumental traumatization of the bladder wall, transient immunosuppression against the background of previous GRVI and many other conditions can lead to disruption of the local immune defense mechanism and the development of acute cystitis in the future.
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Acute cystitis in women: typical clinical manifestations of the disease
The clinical picture of acute cystitis in women is characterized by the presence of dysuric disordersc. These symptoms include:
1. Pain during or at the end of urination: burning or pulling;
2. Imperative urge to urinate;
3. Pollakiuria, micturition in small portions.
Frequent urge to urinate in acute cystitis due to increased reflex excitability of the bladder. This leads to a contraction of his detrusor even with the accumulation of a small volume of urine in the bladder. Body temperature in acute cystitis is most often normal or subfebrile. Diagnosis «acute cystitis» in women, it is established on the basis of typical symptoms of the disease, as well as the results of a general urinalysis (leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, bacteriuria, false proteinuria are determined). International protocols do not recommend bacteriological examination of urine in the presence of a typical clinical picture of acute cystitis.
Read also: Under what conditions does cystitis develop in men
Treatment of acute cystitis in women: antibiotic regimens
Therapy for acute cystitis in women is oral antibiotics. According to the international protocol for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections, the drugs of choice for the treatment of acute cystitis are: trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, pivmecillinam.
The average duration of treatment for acute cystitis is 3 days for women and 7 days for men.
According to the recommendations of international protocols, which are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, the most effective treatment regimens for acute cystitis in women are:
1. Trimethoprim 160 mg twice a day or 300 mg once a day for three days;
2. Nitrofurantoin 75 mg twice a day for three days;
3. Pivmecillinam 200 mg 3 times a day or 400 mg 2 times a day for three days.
It should be noted that in women who have urinary disorders of functional or organic origin, the duration of therapy for acute cystitis is from 5 to 14 days.
Thank you for staying with estet-portal.com. Read other interesting articles in the "Urology" section. You may also be interested in: Chronic cystitis: causes and manifestations in patients
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