Unfortunately, none of us is immune from accidents and unforeseen situations. Therefore, we always need to be fully prepared and in all weapons. And the first thing every person should know — proper first aid. The main thing is to know, and in an emergency, you will always remember what you once studied and this may come in handy and even help save someone's life.
Today, the editors of estet-portal have prepared for you the basis of — Basic first aid skills.
- First Aid Flowchart
- How to administer artificial respiration
- Performing chest compressions
- How to Stop Bleeding: Practical Tips
- Heimlich maneuver and first aid for fracture
- How to deal with burns
- How to deal with fainting
- What to do in case of poisoning
- Drowning or heatstroke: what to do
- Hypothermia and frostbite: how to act
First Aid Procedure
First Aid — This is a set of urgent measures aimed at saving the life of the victim before the arrival of an ambulance. In order not to get lost in an emergency and not to forget everything you knew, first aid has a certain algorithm that should be followed.
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1. Protect yourself, the victim and everyone around you. Make sure that nothing threatens your life and health.
2. Check the condition of the victim. Does he have a pulse and is he conscious. To check for breathing, tilt the victim's head back, lean over their mouth and nose, and try to feel for breathing. To check the pulse, place your index and middle fingers on the victim's carotid artery. To check if the casualty is conscious, gently shake them by the shoulders and ask a question.
3. Call an ambulance by dialing 103.
4. Further on the instruction — providing first aid to the victim. To do this, you need to determine what needs to be done. Restore airway, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stop bleeding or other.
5. Keep the victim physically and mentally comfortable until the ambulance arrives.
How to perform artificial respiration
Artificial respiration is performed if the victim is not found to be breathing, in order to restore natural ventilation in the lungs.
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Most often, this first aid may be needed in case of a water accident, electric shock or car accident.
There are several options for performing artificial respiration, but mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is considered the most effective.
1. Turn the victim's head on its side and remove mucus, blood, foreign objects from the oral cavity. Check the nasal passages and clean them if necessary.
2. Tilt the head of the victim back slightly, hold the neck with your hand. It is important not to change the position of the victim's head if a spinal injury is detected or likely.
3. Pinch the victim's nose with your index and thumb. Press your lips firmly against the victim's mouth and exhale into the victim's lungs. The first 5-10 exhalations should be carried out in 201-30 seconds, the next 12-15 — per minute.
4. Monitor the victim's chest. If it rises when air is introduced, you are doing everything right.
Performing chest compressions
CPR is required when there is no pulse.
1. Lay victim down on a hard surface.
2. Determine where the narrow part of the sternum (xiphoid process) is located and measure 2-4 centimeters from this place - this is the point on which you should press — compression point.
3. Place the base of the palm on the compression point. In this case, the thumb should point either to the stomach or to the face. Place the other hand on top of this. Please note that indirect heart massage is performed exclusively with the palms, while the fingers should not touch the body of the victim.
4. Do rhythmic chest thrusts while maintaining the vertical position of the hands. Work with the strength of your upper body. 100-110 pressures should be done per minute. At the same time, the chest of the victim should bend by 3-4 centimeters.
In cases where you are providing first aid, in particular chest compressions, to an infant, pressure should be done only with the index and middle fingers of one hand. If the victim —
How to Stop Bleeding: Practical Tips
First aid for bleeding
depends on the type of bleeding itself. It can be capillary, arterial or venous.An antiseptic bandage should be applied to stop capillary bleeding. If the legs or arms are injured, the limb must be raised above the body.
Venous bleeding
is stopped by applying a bandage. Gauze should be applied to the wound, a clean towel or cotton wool should be applied over it and bandaged tightly. If this method does not help, a tourniquet should be applied. To do this, make a soft lining just above the wound and tighten the tourniquet on it. Bleeding should stop and the skin below the tourniquet should turn pale. Next, apply a bandage to the wound and record the time the tourniquet is applied. After 10-15 minutes, loosen the tourniquet. The maximum time for which you can impose
harness — 1 hour.
Heimlich maneuver and first aid for fracture
If food particles or foreign bodies get into the trachea, the Heimlich maneuver should be used. This method can be used in cases where a person does not have normal breathing, cannot speak, the skin of the face turns blue and the vessels of the neck are swollen.
You need to stand behind the victim, wrap your arms around him under the costal arch, clasping your hands in the lock. Press on the victim's abdomen by sharply bending your elbows. It is impossible to put pressure on the chest, only on condition that the victim — pregnant woman. Continue taking until the victim's airways are clear.
If the victim — baby, turn him on his stomach and pat 2-3 times between the shoulder blades.
Bone fractures in children: first aid
First aid for a fracture. The first thing to do in case of a fracture — Assess the casualty and determine the location of the fracture.
If there is bleeding, stop it first. Then determine whether it is possible to move the victim. If he has a spinal injury, in no case do not carry a person. Ensure the immobility of the bone in the area of injury, immobilize the joints that are above and below the fracture. Apply the splint, fix it tightly but not tight with bandages or plaster. If the fracture is open, a splint should not be placed wherebone protrudes. How to deal with burns
After disinfection, rinse the wound with cold water, apply a bandage and apply something cold. Also give the victim warm salted water to drink.
If the burn is not severe, treat the wound with dexpanthenol. If the damage is large, be sure to
consult a doctor.
First aid for syncope
requires identification of the type of syncope. It can be normal or epileptic. Before fainting, the person may feel sick, have a weaker pulse, dizziness, and roll their eyes.
If the person has fainted, lay them in a horizontal position and provide airflow.
Splash victim's face with cold water and pat on cheeks. You can also give a sniff of cotton wool soaked in ammonia. After the victim regains consciousness, give him strong tea or coffee to drink.
If the person does not recover after 3-5 minutes, call
an ambulance.
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Carbon monoxide poisoning, pesticides, drugs, alcohol and food. It depends on the provision of first aid to the victim.
food poisoning. In such cases, the victim needs to drink a lot, take 3-5 grams of activated charcoal every 15 minutes for an hour, refuse to eat and consult a doctor.
If you have alcohol intoxication or drug poisoning, call an ambulance. Next, the victim should rinse the stomach, forcing them to drink 2-3 glasses of salted water to induce vomiting. Repeat this procedure until the vomit is clear. Then dissolve 10-20 tablets of activated charcoal in a glass of water and give
the liquid to the victim to drink.
Drowning or heat stroke: what to do
If drowning, move victim to a hard surface. Place it with your stomach on your knee and clean your mouth of foreign bodies. Check pulse and respiration. If these signs are absent, start artificial respiration and heart massage. After the restoration of breathing and pulse, lay the victim on his side and cover. Call an ambulance.
drink cool salted water.
When body temperature drops
, the person must be moved to a warm room, covered with warm clothes, fed and given warm food and drinks. Never give alcohol.
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