Prediabetes: how to identify a dangerous condition and prevent diabetes

In a previous article on estet-portal.com we looked at reasons, factors risk and mechanisms for the development of a condition such as prediabetes.

However, it is also necessary to know whether prediabetes presents with clinical symptoms, what signs may indicate this condition, and also, when and by what methods diagnosis is possible detect prediabetes.

Find out which capillary and venous blood glucose numbers indicate an impending pathological condition, as well as what measures should be taken to prevent prediabetes and diabetes.

• Development symptoms and first signs of prediabetes
• How does a patient feel when developing prediabetes
• What complications are diabetes - the next condition after prediabetes
• How and when can prediabetes be detected? Laboratory Methods
• Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Prediabetes and Diabetes
• When medical treatment of prediabes is appropriateta

Development symptoms and first signs of prediabetes

Pre-diabetes can only be detected by laboratory testing.

As a rule, the state of latent diabetes has no symptomatic manifestations.

Pre-diabetes is more often discovered incidentally.

In some cases, symptoms of early stages of diabetes may be present:

• periodontal disease;
• furunculosis;
• bleeding gums;
• loose teeth;
• prolonged healing of abrasions and wounds;
• dry skin;
• skin and genital itching;
• amenorrhea, menstrual irregularity;
• sexual weakness.

All these manifestations are irregular and unexpressed ep.

Type 2 diabetes: what lifestyle modification includes

How does a patient feel when developing prediabetes

Impairment in the process of glucose metabolism is revealed by imbalance of many functions in the body.

Termregulation, appetite, mood and sleep . are disturbed

A detailed history may reveal that the patient frequently wakes up at night, there are

hot flashes andinsomnia.

An increase in glucose levels contributes to thickening of the blood, then it flows more slowly through the vessels, especially in small-caliber vessels. Against this background, with latent diabetes, there may already be headaches, visual impairment and pain in the extremities. Patients are constantly thirsty and the frequency of urination increases.

When the causative factors are eliminated and glucose is reduced to normal limits, these symptoms disappear.

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What are the complications of diabetes - the next condition after prediabetes

If the patient is at risk and has etiological factors, it is important to

check sugar levels regularly to detect pre-diabetes.

If not controlled,

diabetes. develops

The World Health Organization provides data that

about 2 million people die each year worldwide from complications of diabetes.

With improper treatment or its absence, the following pathological conditions may develop:

retinopathy;
• nephropathy;
• ketoacidosis;
hypoglycemia;
• trophic ulcer;
diabetic gangrene, resulting in limb amputation.

Untreated diabetes causes neoplasias, heart attack and stroke can develop, there is a risk of loss of sight

ia.

Read also: Drug therapy in the treatment of diabetes complications

How and when can prediabetes be detected? Laboratory Methods

Prediabetes is difficult to detect due to the absence of symptoms, and also to the extent of their mild severity.

Diagnosis is performed by an endocrinologist.

First, a thorough history is taken, in which the doctor finds out the presence of

etiological factors.

How does the patient eat, how active is he/she, are there any somatic diseases, do relatives have diabetes mellitus – all of these are important in diagnosing prediabetes.

The main laboratory methods for diagnosing prediabetes are:

• Glucose tolerance test.

Blood glucose is measured twice.

The first time after 8-12 hours of fasting and the second time after 2 hours after carbohydrate intake.

Normally, during the second test, the sugar level should not be higher than 7.8 mmol / l,

prediabetes is diagnosed at a value of 7.9-11 mmol / l , with diabetes, the values ​​\u200b\u200bare higher than 11 mmol / l.

• Fasting Glucose Measurement.

After a fasting period of at least 8 hours, glucose is measured in capillary or venous blood.

For capillary blood normal values ​​are 3.3-5.5 mmol/l, prediabetes -  5.6-6.9 mmol/l, with diabetes glucose higher than 7.0 mmol/l.

For venous blood normal values ​​are 4.1-6.0 mmol/L.

• Glycated hemoglobin.

Average sugar levels are measured over a period of three months.

Borderline and pathological values ​​are

greater than 6.6%, target values ​​are less thane 6.5%.

Advanced Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus

Ways to make lifestyle changes to prevent prediabetes and diabetes

When prediabetes is detected, treatment consists of

correction of nutrition and motor mode. Consultations are being held with a nutritionist, physical education instructor.

• Physical activities.

It is necessary to organize a gradual increase in physical activity.

At the same time, the heart rate moderately increases,

blood flow to the tissuesincreases, the process of aerobic oxidation of glycogen, glucose and fats is stimulated.

Physical activity contributes to

reducing excess weight and improves the condition of the cardiovascular system.

Cycling, walking, swimming, walking are recommended, if there are no contraindications, then skiing, jogging and tennis are recommended.

• Diet.

If prediabetes is diagnosed, it is important to eat at least 4 times a day, but in small portions.

It is necessary to

avoid foods high in light carbohydrates – drinks based on sugar and sweets.

The diet is selected by a nutritionist taking into account the

glycemic index of foods, as well as reducing the amount of fat.

It is important to

keep drinking and reduce your consumption soor.

Is it possible to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes with weight loss

When medical treatment of prediabetes is appropriate

Prescribing

hypoglycemic drugs is only appropriate in some cases.

Due to the increase in the sensitivity of cells to glucose, its amount in the blood decreases.  

Drug therapy should be initiated if proper diet and exercise have failed. However, it is not worth rushing to prescribe hypoglycemic drugs in case of prediabetes, because then the body will be passive in the fight against metabolic disorders, and there is also a risk of dependence on taking hypoglycemic drugs.

Pre-diabetic condition well manageable.

For prevention, it is important even with good blood sugar levels

to eat sensibly and lead an active lifestyle, as well as to regularly check your blood glucose.

The role of a plant-based diet in the management of type 2 diabetes